Islam Political Culture in the Southern Mediterranean Arab Revolts: The Challenges for Europe

This article examines the main aspects of the Islam political culture   in the Arab Mediterranean revolts since 2011, in the aftermath of the “Arab spring”. For much of 2010/2011/2012, 2013, 2014, the Arab revolts were still good news for Europe. European officials equated it with the events of 1989 in the Eastern Europe. The EU promised a reform of relations. The new states in the region are not as the previous one, from social change perspectives and impacts terms. This article examines the main aspects of the political Islam in the Arab Mediterranean revolts, in the aftermath of the “Arab spring," along with its growing involvement in the region, both in terms of discourse and specific facts on the ground. It explores how the political Islam has been employed, particularly by Europe, as a symbol for political empowerment of local people and democracy?

Keywords: Islamists, Muslims, Political Islam, Muslim Fundamentalism, Jihadist Movements, NATO, EU, EUMP, Muslim goodwill, Muslim State, Muslim Brotherhood, Islamic Phobia, Sufism, Sufism, Political Unrest, Street Violence, Uprising, turmoil, Arab spring, Islamic State (IS).